Tài liệu tham khảo bệnh Tim

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

SÁCH DINH DƯỠNG LÀNH MẠNH, NGẠI GÌ BỆNH TIM

Giới thiệu

1. Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK và cộng sự. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(15):1503–16.
2. Fuhrman J, Singer M. Cardiovascular case studies, and user survey with a nutrientdense, plant-rich (NDPR) diet-style. Fuhrman J, Singer M. Improved cardiovascular parameter with a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet-style: a patient survey with illustrative cases. J Lifestyle Med. 2015. doi: 10.1177/1559827615611024.
3. Musini VM, Nazer M, Bassett K và cộng sự. Blood pressure–lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;29:5. Wong GW, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta-blockers for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;28:2.
4. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS và cộng sự. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 27/1/2015;131(4):e29–322.
5. Butt DA, Mamdani M, Austin PC và cộng sự. The risk of hip fracture after initiating antihypertensive drugs in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. doi: 10.1001/2013.

Chương 1

1. Oliva A, Flores J, Merigioli S và cộng sự. Autopsy investigation and Bayesian approach to coronary artery disease in victims of motor-vehicle accidents. Atherosclerosis. 9/2011;218(1):28–32. Joseph A, Ackerman D, Talley JD và cộng sự. Manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis in young trauma victims: an autopsy study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 8/1993;22(2):459–67.
2. Martínez-González MA, Sánchez-Tainta A, Corella D và cộng sự. A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(suppl 1):320S–28S.
3. Lagiou P, Sandin S, Lof M và cộng sự. Low carbohydrate–high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e4026.
4. Kritchevsky D. Dietary protein, cholesterol and atherosclerosis: a review of the early history. J Nutr. 1995;125(suppl 3):589S–93S.
5. Carroll KK. Dietary protein in relation to plasma cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis. Nutr Rev. 1978;36:1–5.
6. Kelemen LE, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr và cộng sự. Associations of dietary protein with disease and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(3):239–49. \\\
7. Fenech MF. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. Am J Clin Nutr. 5/2010;91(5):1438S–54S. Ames BN. Prevention of mutation, cancer, and other age-associated diseases by optimizing micronutrient intake. J Nucleic Acids. 22/9/2010;2010:1–11. Ames BN, Atamna H, Killilea DW. Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can accelerate the mitochondrial decay of aging. Mol Aspects Med. 2005;26(4–5):363–78. Paul L. Diet, nutrition and telomere length. J Nutr Biochem. 2011;22(10):895–901. Troesch B, Hoeft B, McBurney M và cộng sự. Dietary surveys indicate vitamin intakes below recommendations are common in representative Western countries. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(4):692–98. Cogsell ME, Zang Z, Carriquiry AL và cộng sự. Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003–2008. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(3):647–57. Bailey RL, Fulgoni VL, Keast DR và cộng sự. Examination of vitamin intakes among US adults by dietary supplement use. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(5):657–63.e4. Yang Q, Cogswell ME, Hamner HC và cộng sự. Folic acid source, usual intake, and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(1):64– 72. Burnett-Hartman AN, Fitzpatrick AL, Gao K và cộng sự. Supplement use contributes to meeting recommended dietary intakes for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin C in four ethnicities of middle-aged and older Americans: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(3):422–29. Ford ES, Mokdad AH. Dietary magnesium intake in a national sample of US adults. J Nutr. 2003;133(9):2879–82.
8. Fuhrman J, Sarter B, Glaser D và cộng sự. Changing perceptions of hunger on a high nutrient density diet. Nutr J. 2010;9:51.
9. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Banach M và cộng sự. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:861–66.
10. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1249–57.
11. Mirrahimi A, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L và cộng sự. Associations of glycemic index and load with coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e000752. Yu D, Shu x, Honglan LI và cộng sự. Dietary carbohydrates, refined grains, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(10):1542–49. Roberts CK, Liu S. Effects of glycemic load on metabolic health and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):697–704.
12. Rebello SA, Koh H, Chen C và cộng sự. Amount, type, and sources of carbohydrates in relation to ischemic heart disease mortality in a Chinese population: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:53–64.
13. Jacobs DR Jr, Marquart L, Slavin J và cộng sự. Whole-grain intake and cancer: an expanded review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 1998;30(2):85–90. Chatenoud L, Tavani A, La Vecchia C và cộng sự. Whole grain intake and cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 1998;77(1):24–28.
14. Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P và cộng sự. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA. 2007;298:299–308. Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N và cộng sự. Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007;298:309–16.
15. Teff KL, Grudziak J, Townsend RR và cộng sự. Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals in obese men and women: influence of insulin resistance on plasma triglyceride responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:1562–69.
16. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Popovich DG và cộng sự. Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function. Metabolism. 2001;50(4):494–503.
17. Naruszewicz M, Zapolska-Downar D, Ko´ smider A và cộng sự. Chronic intake of potato chips in humans increases the production of reactive oxygen radicals by leukocytes and increases plasma C-reactive protein: a pilot study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;89(3):773–77.
18. Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT, van der A DL và cộng sự. Carbohydrate quantity and quality and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):905–11. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J và cộng sự. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):627–37. Gnagnarella P, Gandini S, La Vecchia C và cộng sự. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1793–1801. Sieri S, Krogh V, Berrino F và cộng sự. Dietary glycemic load and index and risk of coronary heart disease in a large Italian cohort: the EPICOR study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:640–47. Kaushik S, Wang JJ, Flood V và cộng sự. Dietary glycemic index and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):1104–10.
19. Gnagnarella P, Gandini S, La Vecchia C và cộng sự. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1793–801.
20. Dong JY, Qin LQ. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Apr;126(2):287–94. Sieri S, Pala V, Brighenti F và cộng sự. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and the risk of breast cancer in an Italian prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1160–66.
21. Yun SH, Kim K, Nam SJ và cộng sự. The association of carbohydrate intake, glycemic load, glycemic index, and selected rice foods with breast cancer risk: a case-control study in South Korea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(3):383–92.
22. Jakobson MU, Dethlefsen C, Joensen AM và cộng sự. Intake of carbohydrates compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1764–68. Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ và cộng sự. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1455–61. Hu FB. Are refined carbohydrates worse than saturated fat? Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1541–42.
23. Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008 Dec;31(12):2281–83. Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):5–56.
24. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S và cộng sự. Potato and French fry consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):284–90.
25. Williams CD, Satia JA, Adair LS và cộng sự. Dietary patterns, food groups, and rectal cancer risk in whites and African-Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 May;18(5):1552–61.
26. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB và cộng sự. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 23;364(25):2392–2404.
27. Carbohydrates in human nutrition. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Rome, Italy, 14–18 April 1997. FAO food and nutrition paper 66. World Health Organization. 1998. ISBN 9251041148.
28. Bednar GE, Patil AR, Murray SM và cộng sự. Starch and fiber fractions in selected food and feed ingredients affect their small intestinal digestibility and fermentability and their large bowel fermentability in vitro in a canine model. J Nutr. 2001;131(2):276–86.
29. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS và cộng sự. Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(21):1653–60.
30. Mollard RC, Wong CL, Luhovyy BL và cộng sự. First and second meal effect of pulses on blood glucose appetite and food intake at a later meal. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011;36(5):634–42. Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Ocana AM và cộng sự. Second-meal effect: low-glycemic-index foods eaten at dinner improve subsequent breakfast glycemic response. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48(4):1041–47. Brighenti F, Benini L, Del Rio D và cộng sự. Colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates contributes to the second-meal effect. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(4):817–22.
31. Darmadi-Blackberry I, Wahlqvist ML, Kouris-Blazos A và cộng sự. Legumes: the most important dietary predictor of survival in older people of different ethnicities Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(2):217–20.
32. Maffucci T, Piccolo E, Cumashi A và cộng sự. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway by inositol pentakisphosphate results in antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. Cancer Res. 2005;65(18):8339–49. Singh J, Basu PS. Non-nutritive bioactive compounds in pulses and their impact on human health: an overview. Food Nutr Sci. 2012;3(12):1664–72. Zhang Z, Song Y, Wang xL. Inositol hexaphosphateinduced enhancement of natural killer cell activity correlates with suppression of colon carcinogenesis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(32):5044–46.
33. Mollard RC, Luhovyy BL, Panahi S và cộng sự. Regular consumption of pulses for 8 weeks reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese adults. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(suppl 1):S111–S22.
34. Chitnis MM, Yuen JS, Protheroe AS và cộng sự. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:6364–70. Werner H, Bruchim I. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as an oncogene. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2009;115:58–71. Davies M, Gupta S, Goldspink G và cộng sự. The insulin-like growth factor system and colorectal cancer: clinical and experimental evidence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21:201–8. Sandhu MS, Dunger DB, Giovannucci EL. Insulin, insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, their biologic interactions, and colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:972–80. Rowlands MA, Gunnell D, Harris R và cộng sự. Circulating insulin-like growth factor peptides and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(10):2416–29.
35. Werner H, Bruchim I. The insulin-like growth factor–1 receptor as an oncogene. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2009;115(2):58–71. Chitnis MM, Yuen JS, Protheroe AS và cộng sự. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor pathway. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(20):6364–70.
36. Bartke A. Minireview: role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian aging. Endocrinology. 2005;146:3718–23. 3
37. Rinaldi S, Peeters PH, Berrino F và cộng sự. IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and breast cancer risk in women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006;13:593–605.
38. Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Colditz GA và cộng sự. Circulating concentrations of insulinlike growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer. Lancet. 1998;351:1393–96.
39. Lann D, LeRoith D. The role of endocrine insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2008;13:371–79. Allen NE, Roddam AW, Allen DS và cộng sự. A prospective study of serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-binding protein–3 and breast cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1283–87. Fletcher O, Gibson L, Johnson N và cộng sự. Polymorphisms and circulating levels in the insulin-like growth factor system and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:2–19. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein–3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346–53. Shi R, Yu H, McLarty J và cộng sự. IGF-I and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2004;111(3):418–23. Sugumar A, Liu YC, xia Q và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)- I and IGF-binding protein 3 and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer: a metaanalysis of literature. Int J Cancer. 2004;111(2):293–97. Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, Key TJ, Appleby PN và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and breast cancer risk: pooled individual data analysis of 17 prospective studies. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(6):530–42.
40. Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE. Nutritional regulation of the insulinlike growth factors. Endocr Rev. 1994;15:80–101. Tsilidis KK, Travis RC, Appleby PN và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factor pathway genes and blood concentrations, dietary protein and risk of prostate cancer in the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Int J Cancer. 2013;133(2):495–504.
41. Qun LQ, He K, xu JY. Milk consumption and circulating insulin-like growth factor–1 levels: a systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60(suppl 7):330– 40. Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B và cộng sự. Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1228–33.
42. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and prostate cancer risk: analysis of individual patient data from 12 prospective studies. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(7):461–71. Sim HG, Cheng CW. Changing demography of prostate cancer in Asia. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41(6):834–45.
43. Song Y, Chavarro JE, Cao Y và cộng sự. Whole milk intake is associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality among U.S. male physicians J Nutr. 2013;143(2):189–96.
44. Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Liu Y và cộng sự. Nutritional predictors of insulin-like growth factor I and their relationships to cancer in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:84–89. Holmes MD, Pollak MN, Willett WC và cộng sự. Dietary correlates of plasma insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 concentrations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:852–61. Allen NE, Appleby PN, Davey GK và cộng sự. The associations of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor I and its main binding proteins in 292 women meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:1441–48. Kaklamani VG, Linos A, Kaklamani E và cộng sự. Dietary fat and carbohydrates are independently associated with circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3291–98. Larsson SC, Wolk K, Brismar K và cộng sự. Association of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor I in middle-aged and elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:1163–67.
45. Andreassen M, Raymond I, Kistorp C và cộng sự. IGF-1 as predictor of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in an elderly population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:25–31.
46. Van Bunderen CC, van Nieuwpoort IC, van Schoor NM và cộng sự. The association of serum insulin-like growth factor-I with mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in the elderly: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(10):4616–24.
47. Levine ME, Suarez JA, Brandhorst S và cộng sự. Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1, cancer, and overall mortality in the 65 and younger but not older population. Cell Metab. 2014:19(3);407–17.
48. Andreassen M, Raymond I, Kistorp C và cộng sự. IGF-1 as predictor of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in an elderly population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:25– 31. Chisalita SI, Dahlström U, Arnqvist HJ và cộng sự. Increased IGF1 levels in relation to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in an elderly population: impact of ACE inhibitors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(6):891–98.
49. Salvioli S, Capri M, Bucci L và cộng sự. Why do centenarians escape or postpone cancer? The role of IGF-1, inflammation and p53. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009;58(12):1909–17.
50. Crowe FL, Key TJ, Allen NE và cộng sự. The association between diet and serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009;18(5):1333–40. Tsilidis KK, Travis RC, Appleby PN và cộng sự. Insulin-like growth factor pathway genes and blood concentrations, dietary protein and risk of prostate cancer in the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Int J Cancer. 2013;133(2):495–504.
51. Tonding SF, Silva FM, Antonio JP và cộng sự. Adiposity markers and risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr J. 2014;13:124.
52. Chiba Y, Saitoh S, Takagi S và cộng sự. Relationship between visceral fat and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Tanno and Sobetsu Study. Hypertens Res. 2007;30:229–36.
53. Logue J, Murray HM, Welsh P và cộng sự. Obesity is associated with fatal coronary heart disease independently of traditional risk factors and deprivation. Heart. 2011;97:564–68.

Chương 2

1. Ettinger PO, Wu CF, De La Cruz C Jr và cộng sự. Arrhythmias and the “Holiday Heart”: alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders. Am Heart J. 1978; 95(5):555–62.
2. Phillips DP, Jarvinen JR, Abramson IS và cộng sự. Cardiac mortality is higher around Christmas and New Year’s than at any other time: the holidays as a risk factor for death. Circulation. 2004;110:3781–88. Kloner RA. The “Merry Christmas Coronary” and “Happy New Year Heart Attack” phenomenon. Circulation. 2004;110:3744–45.
3. Movahed MR, Hashemzadeh M, Jamal M và cộng sự. Decreasing in-hospital mortality of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with persistent higher mortality rates in women and minorities in the United States. J Invasive Cardiol. 2010;22(2):58–60.
4. Forrester JS, Shah PK. Lipid lowering versus revascularization: an idea whose time (for testing) has come. Circulation. 1997;96:1360–62.
5. Danenberg HD, Welt FG, Walker, M và cộng sự. Systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide increases neointimal formation after balloon and stent injury in rabbits. Circulation. 2002:105(24):2917–22. Hoshida S, Nishino M, Takeda T và cộng sự. A persistent increase in C-reactive protein is a risk factor for restenosis in patients with stable angina who are not receiving statins. Atherosclerosis. 2004;173(2):285–90.
6. Peters S. Can angiotensin receptor antagonists prevent restenosis after stent placement? Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2002;2(3):143–48.
7. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E và cộng sự. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part II. Circulation. 2003;108(15):1772–78. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E và cộng sự. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation. 2003;108(14):1664–72. Wexberg P, Gyongyosi M, Sperker W và cộng sự. Preexisting arterial remodeling is associated with in-hospital and late adverse cardiac events after coronary interventions in patients with stable angina pectoris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Nov 15;36(6):1860–69.
8. Ornish D, Scherwitz IW, Billings JH và cộng sự. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1998;280:2001–7. Stefanick M, Mackey S, Sheehan M và cộng sự. Effects of diet and exercise in men and postmenopausal women with low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(1):12–20.
9. Ambrose JA, Fuster V. Can we predict future coronary events in patients with stable coronary artery disease? JAMA. 1997;277:343–44. Forrester JS, Shah PK. Lipid lowering versus revascularization: an idea whose time (for testing) has come. Circulation. 1997;96:1360–62.
10. Finn SD, Blankenship JC, Alexander KP và cộng sự. 2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/ STS focused update of the guideline for the diagnosis and management of patient with stable ischemic heart disease. JACC. 2014;130:1749–67.
11. Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK và cộng sự. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(15):1503–16.

Chương 3

1. Shikany JM, Safford MM, Newby PK và cộng sự. Southern dietary pattern is associated with hazard of acute coronary heart disease in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Circulation. 2015;132(9):804–14.
2. Yang Q, Zhong Y, Ritchy M và cộng sự. Vital signs: predicted heart age and racial disparities in heart age amount US adults at the state level. MMWR. 2015 Sept;64(34): 950–58.
3. Shaw LJ, Merz CN, Pepine CJ và cộng sự. Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Investigators. The economic burden of angina in women with suspected ischemic heart disease: results from the National Institutes of Health–National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. Circulation. 2006;114:894–904.
4. Yusaf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S và cộng sự. INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937–52.
5. Chomistek AK, Chiuve SE, Eliassen AH và cộng sự. Healthy lifestyle in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease among young women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:43–51.
6. Chive SE, Rexrode KM, Speigelman D và cộng sự. Primary prevention of stroke by healthy lifestyle. Circulation. 2008;18(9):947–54. Gorelick PB. Primary prevention of stroke: impact of healthy lifestyle. Circulation. 2008;118:904–6. Akesson A, Weismayer C, Newby PK và cộng sự. Combined effect of low-risk dietary and lifestyle behaviors in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in women. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(19):2122–27. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ và cộng sự. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(11):790–97.
7. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL và cộng sự. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127(1):e6– e245. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). Health, United States, 2012: With Special Feature on Emergency Care. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2013 May. Report No.: 2013-1232; Table 92: Selected prescription drug classes used in the past 30 days, by sex and age.
8. Fuhrman J, Singer M. Improved cardiovascular parameter with a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet-style: a patient survey with illustrative cases. J Lifestyle Med. 2015. doi: 10.1177/1559827615611024.
9. Li CI, Daling JR, Tang MT và cộng sự. Use of antihypertensive medications and breast cancer risk among women aged 55 to 74 years. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(17):1629–37.
10. McDougall JA, Malone DE, Daling JR và cộng sự. Long-term statin use and risk of ductal and lobular breast cancer among women 55 to 74 years of age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(9):1529–37.
11. POISE Study Group. Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9627):1839–47.
12. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Kostis JB và cộng sự. Cardiovascular protection using betablockers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(7):563–72.
13. Wiysonge CS, Bradley H, Mayosi BM và cộng sự. Beta-blockers for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11:CD002003.
14. Shen L, Shah BR, Reyes EM và cộng sự. Role of diuretics, ß blockers, and statins in increasing the risk of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: reanalysis of data from the NAVIGATOR study. BMJ. 2013;347:f6745.
15. Tinetti ME, Han L, Lee DSH và cộng sự. Antihypertensive medications and serious fall injuries in a nationally representative sample of older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):588–95.
16. Mitchell GF, Vasan RS, Keyes MJ và cộng sự. Pulse pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2007;297(7):709–15. Swaminathan RV, Alexander KP. Pulse pressure and vascular risk in the elderly: associations and clinical implications. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2006;15(4):226–32;quiz133–34.
17. Messerli FH, Mancia G, Conti CR và cộng sự. Dogma disputed: can aggressively lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease be dangerous? Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jun 20;144(12):884–93.
18. Tringali S, Oberer CW, Huang J. Low diastolic blood pressure as a risk for all-cause mortality in VA patients. Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:178780.
19. Boschert S. A low systolic window in HT may be of limited benefit. Family Practice News. 2013;46(6):1,14.
20. University of Alabama at Birmingham. Blood pressure medications can lead to increased risk of stroke. ScienceDaily. 29 May 2015. Available at www.sciencedaily .com/releases/2015/05/150529193554.htm.
21. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL và cộng sự. 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults. Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20.
22. Loyola University Health System. More aggressive blood pressure treatment found to reduce heart disease, save lives. ScienceDaily. 18 September 2015. Available at sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150918111448.htm.
23. The Accord Study Group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Eng J Med. 2010;362:1575–85.
24. Lamarche B, Desroches S, Jenkins DJ và cộng sự. Combined effects of a dietary portfolio of plant sterols, vegetable protein, viscous fibre and almonds on LDL particle size. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(4):657–63. Damasceno NR, Sala-Vila A, Cofán M và cộng sự. Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts reduces waist circumference and shifts lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):347–53. Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H. Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187(1):1–17.
25. Superko HR, Gadesam RR. Is it LDL particle size or number that correlates with risk of cardiovascular disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008:10(5):377–85.
26. Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VL III. Bean consumption is associated with greater nutrient intake, reduced systolic blood pressure, lower body weight, and a smaller waist circumference in adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27(5):569–76. Streppel MT, Arends LR, van ’t Veer P và cộng sự. Dietary fiber and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(2):150–56. Frisoli TM, Schmieder RE, Grodzicki T và cộng sự. Beyond salt: lifestyle modifications and blood pressure. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(24):3081–87. Alonso A, de la Fuente C, Martín-Arnau AM và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable consumption is inversely associated with blood pressure in a Mediterranean population with a high vegetable-fat intake: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(2):311–19. Pettersen BJ, Anousheh R, Fan J và cộng sự. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: results from the Adventist Health Study–2 (AHS-2). Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(10):1909– 16. Utsugi MT, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of hypertension determined by self measurement of blood pressure at home: the Ohasama study. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(7):1435–43. Cassidy A, O’Reilly ÉJ, Kay C và cộng sự. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(2):338–47. O’Neil CE, Keast DR, Nicklas TA và cộng sự. Nut consumption is associated with decreased health risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: NHANES 1999–2004. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011;30(6):502–10. Lidder S, Webb AJ. Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):677–96.
27. Macready AL, George TW, Chong MF và cộng sự. FLAVURS Study Group. Flavonoidrich fruit and vegetables improve microvascular reactivity and inflammatory status in men at risk of cardiovascular disease—FLAVURS: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99(3):479–89. Martin KR. Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment. Nutr J. 2010;9:29. Zakkar M, van der Heiden K, Luong le A và cộng sự. Activation of Nrf2 in endothelial cells protects arteries from exhibiting a proinflammatory state. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29(11):1851–57. Lee WJ, Ou HC, Hsu WC và cộng sự. Ellagic acid inhibits oxidized LDL–mediated LOx-1 expression, ROS generation, and inflammation in human endothelial cells. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(5):1290–300. Chen xL, Dodd G, Kunsch C. Sulforaphane inhibits TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase and VCAM–1 and MCP–1 expression in endothelial cells. Inflamm Res. 2009;58(8):513–21.
28. Dunaief DM, Fuhrman J, Dunaief JL và cộng sự. Glycemic and cardiovascular parameters improved in type 2 diabetes with the high nutrient density (HND) diet. Open J Prev Med. 2012;3:364–71.
29. Floegel A, Chung SJ, von Ruesten A và cộng sự. Antioxidant intake from diet and supplements and elevated serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine concentrations in US adults: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(11):2055–64. Brighenti F, Valtueña S, Pellegrini N và cộng sự. Total antioxidant capacity of the diet is inversely and independently related to plasma concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in adult Italian subjects. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(5):619–25. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1489–97. Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ling W và cộng sự. Fruit consumption is associated with lower carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(10):1536–42. Salas-Salvadó J, Casas-Agustench P, Murphy MM và cộng sự. The effect of nuts on inflammation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(suppl 1):333–36. González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R và cộng sự. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2011;51(4):331–62. Margolis KL, Manson, JE, Greenland P và cộng sự. Leukocyte count as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(5):500–8. Bloomer RJ, Kabir MM, Canale RE và cộng sự. Effect of a 21 day Daniel Fast on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9:94.
30. Mayne ST, Cartmel B, Scarmo S và cộng sự. Noninvasive assessment of dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):794–800.
31. Lidder S, Webb AJ. Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75:677–96.
32. Lamarche B, Desroches S, Jenkins DJ và cộng sự. Combined effects of a dietary portfolio of plant sterols, vegetable protein, viscous fibre and almonds on LDL particle size. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(4):657–63. Damasceno NR, Sala-Vila A, Cofán M và cộng sự. Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts reduces waist circumference and shifts lipoprotein subfractions to a less atherogenic pattern in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):347–53. Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H. Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187(1):1–17.
33. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Popovich DG và cộng sự. Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function. Metabolism. 2001;50(4):494–503. Candore G, Colonna-Romano G, Balistreri CR và cộng sự. Biology of longevity: role of the innate immune system. Rejuvenation Res. 2006;9(1):143–48.
34. DeFilippis AP, Young R, Carrubba CJ và cộng sự. An analysis of calibration and discrimination among multiple cardiovascular risk scores in a modern multiethnic cohort. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):266–75.
35. Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Erqou S và cộng sự. Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65,229 participants. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(12):1024–31.
36. Okuyama H, Langsjoen PH, Hamazaki T và cộng sự. Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2015;8:189–99.
37. Naci H, Brugts JJ, Fleurence R và cộng sự. Comparative benefits of statins in the primary and secondary prevention of major coronary events and all-cause mortality: a network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled and active-comparator trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(4):641–57.
38. Naci H, Ioannidis JPA. Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study. BMJ. 2013;347:f5577.
39. Qu Q, Paulose-Rom R, Burt VL và cộng sự. Prescription cholesterol-lowering medication use in adults aged 40 and over: United States, 2003–2012. NCHS Data Brief #177 Dec 2014.
40. Sugiyama T, Tsugawa Y, Tseng C và cộng sự. Different time trends of caloric and fat intake between statin users and nonusers among us adults: gluttony in the time of statins? JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(7):1038–45.
41. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Unintended effects of statins in men and women in England and Wales: population based cohort study using the QResearch database. BMJ. 2010;340:c2197.
42. Mikus CR, Boyle LJ, Borengasser SJ và cộng sự. Simvastatin impairs exercise training adaptations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:709–14.
43. Golomb BA, Evans MA. Statin adverse effects: a review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2008;8:373–418.
44. Kelley BJ, Glasser S. Cognitive effects of statin medications. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:411–19.
45. Zhang H, Plutzky J, Turchin A. Discontinuation of statins in routine care settings. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:75–76.
46. Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray H và cộng sự. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010;375:735–42. Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P và cộng sự. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(24):2556–64.
47. McDougall JA, Malone KE, Daling JR và cộng sự. Long-term statin use and risk of ductal and lobular breast cancer among women 55 to 74 years of age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22(9):1529–37.
48. Culver AL, Ockene IS, Balasubramanian R và cộng sự. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:144–52.
49. Dormuth CR, Filion KB, Paterson JM và cộng sự. Higher potency statins and the risk of new diabetes: multicentre, observational study of administrative databases. BMJ. 2014;348:g3244.
50. Corrao G, Ibrahim B, Nicotra F và cộng sự. Statins and the risk of diabetes: evidence from a large population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(8):2225–32.
51. Abramson JD, Redberg RF. Don’t give more patients statins. New York Times. Opinion Pages. 13 Nov 2013. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/14/opinion /dont-give-more-patients-statins.html?_r=1&).
52. Abramson JD, Rosenberg HG, Jewell N và cộng sự. Should people at low risk of cardiovascular disease take a statin? BMJ. 2013;347:f6123.
53. Zhang H, Plutzky J, Skentzos S và cộng sự. Discontinuation of statins in routine care settings: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:526–34.
54. Okuyama H, Langsjoen PH, Hamazaki T và cộng sự. Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2015;8:189–99.
55. Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Björnberg A và cộng sự. Aspirin increases mortality in diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease: a Swedish record linkage study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(12):1143–49.
56. Fowkes FG, Price JF, Stewart MC và cộng sự. Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 Mar 3;303(9):841–48.
57. Ikeda Y, Shimada K, Teramoto T và cộng sự. Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients 60 years or older with atherosclerotic risk factors: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2510–12.
58. Gaziano JM, Greenland P. When should aspirin be used for prevention of cardiovascular events? Editorial. JAMA. 2014;312(23):2503–4.

Chương 4

1. Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1577–84. Joshipura KJ, Hu FB, Manson JE và cộng sự. The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk for coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:1106–14.
2. Zhang x, Shu xO, xiang YB và cộng sự. Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:240–46.
3. Donovan EL, McCord JM, Reuland DJ và cộng sự. Phytochemical activation of Nrf2 protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against an oxidative challenge. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:132931. Han SG, Han SS, Toborek M và cộng sự. EGCG protects endothelial cells against PCB 126-induced inflammation through inhibition of AhR and induction of Nrf2-regulated genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;261:181–88.
4. Zakkar M, van der Heiden K, Luong le A và cộng sự. Activation of Nrf2 in endothelial cells protects arteries from exhibiting a proinflammatory state. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1851–57.
5. Huang CS, Lin AH, Liu CT và cộng sự. Isothiocyanates protect against oxidized LDL– induced endothelial dysfunction by upregulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidation and suppressing NFkappaB activation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013;57:1918–30.
6. Zhao J, Moore AN, Redell JB và cộng sự. Enhancing expression of Nrf2-driven genes protects the blood brain barrier after brain injury. J Neurosci. 2007;27:10240–48.
7. Han SG, Han SS, Toborek M và cộng sự. EGCG protects endothelial cells against PCB 126– induced inflammation through inhibition of AhR and induction of Nrf2-regulated genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;261:181–88. Cimino F, Speciale A, Anwar S và cộng sự. Anthocyanins protect human endothelial cells from mild hyperoxia damage through modulation of Nrf2 pathway. Genes Nutr. 2013;8:391–99. Ungvari Z, Bagi Z, Feher A và cộng sự. Resveratrol confers endothelial protection via activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;299:H18–24.
8. Muthusamy VR, Kannan S, Sadhaasivam K và cộng sự. Acute exercise stress activates Nrf2/ARE signaling and promotes antioxidant mechanisms in the myocardium. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;52:366–76. ENDOfHeartDisease_6p.indd
9. Fratta Pasini A, Albiero A, Stranieri C và cộng sự. Serum oxidative stress-induced repression of Nrf2 and GSH depletion: a mechanism potentially involved in endothelial dysfunction of young smokers. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30291.
10. Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Levi F và cộng sự. Onion and garlic use and human cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1027–32.
11. Powolny A, Singh S. Multitargeted prevention and therapy of cancer by diallyl trisulfide and related Allium vegetable-derived organosulfur compounds. Cancer Lett. 2008;269:305–14.
12. Modem S, Dicarlo SE, Reddy TR. Fresh garlic extract induces growth arrest and morphological differentiation of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Genes Cancer. 2012;3:177–86. Na HK, Kim EH, Choi MA và cộng sự. Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated activation of JNK and AP-1. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84(10):1241–50. Malki A, El-Saadani M, Sultan AS. Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide induced apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009;8:2175–85.
13. Rahman K, Lowe GM. Garlic and cardiovascular disease: a critical review. J Nutr. 2006;136(30):736S–40S.
14. Slimestad R, Fossen T, Vagen IM. Onions: a source of unique dietary flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55:10067–80.
15. Kim DO, Heo HJ, Kim YJ và cộng sự. Sweet and sour cherry phenolics and their protective effects on neuronal cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53:9921–27. Gebhardt SE, Harnly JM, Bhagwat SA và cộng sự. USDA’s flavonoid database: flavonoids in fruit. 2003: http:// ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/80400525/Articles/ADA2003_FruitFlav.pdf.
16. Erdman JW Jr, Balentine D, Arab L và cộng sự. Flavonoids and heart health: proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31–June 1, 2005, Washington, DC. J Nutr. 2007;137:718S–37S.
17. Higdon J, Drake VJ. Flavonoids. In: Higdon J, Drake VJ. Evidence-Based Approach to Dietary Phytochemicals and Other Dietary Factors. New York: Thieme; 2012:83–108.
18. Huxley RR, Neil HA. The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:904–8. Knekt P, Kumpulainen J, Jarvinen R và cộng sự. Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:560–68. Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Nurmi T và cộng sự. Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD mortality in middle-aged Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:890–95. Mink PJ, Scrafford CG, Barraj LM và cộng sự. Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:895–909.
19. Erdman JW Jr, Balentine D, Arab L và cộng sự. Flavonoids and heart health: proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31–June 1, 2005, Washington, DC. J Nutr. 2007;137:718S–37S. Martin KR, Bopp J, Burrell L và cộng sự. The effect of 100% tart cherry juice on serum uric acid levels, biomarkers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk factors. FASEB J. 2011;25(meeting abstract suppl):339.2. Kelley DS, Rasooly R, Jacob RA và cộng sự. Consumption of Bing sweet cherries lowers circulating concentrations of inflammation markers in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2006;136:981–86. Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis. 2001;158:195–98. Aviram M, Dornfeld L, Rosenblat M và cộng sự. Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1062–76. Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D và cộng sự. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2004;23:423–33. Aviram M, Volkova N, Coleman R và cộng sự. Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic: studies in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E–deficient (E 0) mice and in vitro in cultured macrophages and lipoproteins. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:1148–57.
20. Johnson SA, Figueroa A, Navaei N và cộng sự. Daily blueberry consumption improves blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115:369.
21. Shukitt-Hale B. Blueberries and neuronal aging. Gerontology. 2012;58:518–23.
22. Krikorian R, Shidler MD, Nash TA và cộng sự. Blueberry supplementation improves memory in older adults. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:3996–4000.
23. Kim DO, Heo HJ, Kim YJ và cộng sự. Sweet and sour cherry phenolics and their protective effects on neuronal cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53:9921–27. Traustadottir T, Davies SS, Stock AA và cộng sự. Tart cherry juice decreases oxidative stress in healthy older men and women. J Nutr. 2009;139:1896–1900.
24. Bookheimer SY, Renner BA, Ekstrom A và cộng sự. Pomegranate juice augments memory and FMRI activity in middle-aged and older adults with mild memory complaints. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:946298.
25. Burkhardt S, Tan Dx, Manchester LC và cộng sự. Detection and quantification of the antioxidant melatonin in Montmorency and Balaton tart cherries (Prunus cerasus). J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49:4898–902. Kolar J, Malbeck J. Levels of the antioxidant melatonin in fruits of edible berry species. Planta Med. 2009;75:PJ42.
26. Pigeon WR, Carr M, Gorman C và cộng sự. Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: a pilot study. J Med Food. 2010;13:579–83.
27. Martin KR, Bopp J, Burrell L và cộng sự. The effect of 100% tart cherry juice on serum uric acid levels, biomarkers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk factors. FASEB J. 2011;25(meeting abstract suppl):339.2.
28. Krinsky NI, Johnson EJ. Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Mol Aspects Med. 2005;26:459–516.
29. Shardell MD, Alley DE, Hicks GE và cộng sự. Low-serum carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid interactions predict mortality in US adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res. 2011;31:178–89.
30. Canene-Adams K, Campbell JK, Zaripheh S và cộng sự. The tomato as a functional food. J Nutr. 2005;135:1226–30.
31. Van Breemen RB, Pajkovic N. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by lycopene. Cancer Lett. 2008;269:339–51.
32. Rizwan M, Rodriguez-Blanco I, Harbottle A và cộng sự. Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(1):154–62.
33. Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Nyyssonen K và cộng sự. Low serum lycopene concentration is associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events and stroke: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Br J Nutr. 2001;85:749–54. Rissanen T, Voutilainen S, Nyyssonen K và cộng sự. Lycopene, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002;227:900–7. Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Nyyssonen K và cộng sự. Serum lycopene concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:133–38.
34. Sesso HD, Buring JE, Norkus EP và cộng sự. Plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:47–53.
35. Hak AE, Ma J, Powell CB và cộng sự. Prospective study of plasma carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2004;35:1584–88.
36. Karppi J, Laukkanen JA, Sivenius J và cộng sự. Serum lycopene decreases the risk of stroke in men: a population-based follow-up study. Neurology. 2012;79:1540–47.
37. Karppi J, Laukkanen JA, Mäkikallio TH và cộng sự. Low serum lycopene and ß-carotene increase risk of acute myocardial infarction in men. Eur J Public Health. 2012 Dec;22(6):835–40.
38. Gajendragadkar PR, Hubsch A, Maki-Petaja KM và cộng sự. Effects of oral lycopene supplementation on vascular function in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9:e99070.
39. Silaste ML, Alfthan G, Aro A và cộng sự. Tomato juice decreases LDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL resistance to oxidation. Br J Nutr. 2007;98:1251–58. Burton-Freeman B, Talbot J, Park E và cộng sự. Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: a clinical trial in healthy weight men and women. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012;56(4):622–31. Hadley CW, Clinton SK, Schwartz SJ. The consumption of processed tomato products enhances plasma lycopene concentrations in association with a reduced lipoprotein sensitivity to oxidative damage. J Nutr. 2003;133:727–32.
40. Xaplanteris P, Vlachopoulos C, Pietri P và cộng sự. Tomato paste supplementation improves endothelial dynamics and reduces plasma total oxidative status in healthy subjects. Nutr Res. 2012;32:390–94.
41. Gajendragadkar PR, Hubsch A, Maki-Petaja KM và cộng sự. Effects of oral lycopene supplementation on vascular function in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014;9:e99070.
42. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2003;8:336–42. Available at http://www.alt medrev.com/publications/8/3/336.pdf.
43. Ried K, Fakler P. Protective effect of lycopene on serum cholesterol and blood pressure: meta-analyses of intervention trials. Maturitas. 2011;68:299–310.
44. Palozza P, Parrone N, Catalano A và cộng sự. Tomato lycopene and inflammatory cascade: basic interactions and clinical implications. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17:2547–63. Palozza P, Parrone N, Simone RE và cộng sự. Lycopene in atherosclerosis prevention: an integrated scheme of the potential mechanisms of action from cell culture studies. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010;504:26–33.
45. Canene-Adams K, Campbell JK, Zaripheh S và cộng sự. The tomato as a functional food. J Nutr. 2005;135:1226–30.
46. Kris-Etherton PM, Lichtenstein AH, Howard BV và cộng sự. Antioxidant vitamin supplements and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2004;110:637–41.
47. Heber D, Lu QY. Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002;227:920–23.
48. United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Food availability (per capita) data system. Available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/data -products/food-availability-(per-capita)-data-system.aspx.
49. Brown MJ, Ferruzzi MG, Nguyen ML và cộng sự. Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:396–403. Goltz SR, Campbell WW, Chitchumroonchokchai C và cộng sự. Meal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012;56:866–77.
50. Van het Hof KH, de Boer BC, Tijburg LB và cộng sự. Carotenoid bioavailability in humans from tomatoes processed in different ways determined from the carotenoid response in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma after a single consumption and in plasma after four days of consumption. J Nutr. 2000;130:1189–96.
51. Fuhrman J, Sarter B, Acocella S. và cộng sự. Changing perceptions of hunger on a high nutrient density diet. Nutr J. 2010;9:51.
52. Chobotova K. Aging and cancer: converging routes to disease prevention. Integr Cancer Ther. 2009;8:115–22. Devaraj S, Wang-Polagruto J, Polagruto J và cộng sự. Highfat, energy-dense, fast-food-style breakfast results in an increase in oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 2008;57(6):867–70. Egger G, Dixon J. Inflammatory effects of nutritional stimuli: further support for the need for a big picture approach to tackling obesity and chronic disease. Obesity Rev. 2010;11(2):137–49. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Major dietary patterns in relation to general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women. J Nutr. 2008;138(2):358–63.
53. Thompson HJ, Heimendinger J, Gillette C và cộng sự. In vivo investigation of changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by plant food rich diets. J Agric Food Chem. 2005;53:6126–32.
54. Peairs AT, Rankin JW. Inflammatory response to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate weight loss diet: effect of antioxidants. Obesity. 2008;16:1573–78. Patel C, Ghanim H, Ravishankar S và cộng sự. Prolonged reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear factor-kappaB activation after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal in the obese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4476–79.
55. Devaraj S, Mathur S, Basu A và cộng sự. A dose-response study on the effects of purified lycopene supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27:267–73. Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Dietary flavonoid intake and cardiovascular mortality. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:695–97. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1489–97. O’Keefe JH, Gheewala NM, O’Keefe JO và cộng sự. Dietary strategies for improving post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:249–55. Bose KS, Agrawal BK, Bose KSC. Effect of lycopene from tomatoes (cooked) on plasma antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation rate and lipid profile in grade-I hypertension. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51:477–81. Thompson HJ, Heimendinger J, Haegele A và cộng sự. Effect of increased vegetable and fruit consumption on markers of oxidative cellular damage. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20:2261–66.
56. Khansari N, Shakiba Y, Mahmoudi M. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as a major cause of age-related diseases and cancer. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2009;3:73–80. Federico A, Morgillo F, Tuccillo C và cộng sự. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in human carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:2381–86. Willcox JK, Ash SL, Catignani GL và cộng sự. Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44:275–95. Guo W, Kong E, Meydani M và cộng sự. Dietary polyphenols, inflammation, and cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61:807–10.
57. Vives-Bauza C, Anand M, Shirazi AK và cộng sự. The age lipid A2E and mitochondrial dysfunction synergistically impair phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:24770–80. Bockowski L, Sobaniec W, Kulak W và cộng sự. Serum and intraerythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides in children with migraine. Pharmacol Rep. 2008;60:542–48.
58. Peairs AT, Rankin JW. Inflammatory response to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate weight loss diet: effect of antioxidants. Obesity 2008;16:1573–78. Patel C, Ghanim H, Ravishankar S và cộng sự. Prolonged reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear factor-kappaB activation after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal in the obese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007:92:4476–79. Khansari N, Shakiba Y, Mahmoudi M. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress as a major cause of age-related diseases and cancer. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2009;3:73–80.
59. Olusi SO. Obesity is an independent risk factor for plasma lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte cytoprotective enzymes in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:1159–64.
60. Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E và cộng sự. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308(10):1024–33.
61. Burr ML, Ashfield-Watt PA, Dunstan FD và cộng sự. Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(2):193–200.
62. Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN, King IB và cộng sự. Plasma phospholipid long-chain omega- 3 fatty acids and total and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(7):515–25.
63. De Oliveira Otto MC, Wu JH, Baylin A và cộng sự. Circulating and dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence of CVD in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(6):e000506. doi: 10.1161/JAHA .113.000506.
64. Wu JH, Lemaitre RN, King IB và cộng sự. Association of plasma phospholipid long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with incident atrial fibrillation in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation. 2012;125:1084–93. Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Voutilainen S và cộng sự. Serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men. Circulation. 2009;120:2315–21.
65. He Z, Yang L, Tian J và cộng sự. Efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:196–203. Metcalf RG, Skuladottir GV, Indridason OS và cộng sự. U-shaped relationship between tissue docosahexaenoic acid and atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014;68:114–18. Wu JH, Marchioli R, Silletta MG và cộng sự. Plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the OPERA trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000397.
66. Brasky TM, Darke AK, Song x và cộng sự. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 105:15:1132–41.
67. Crowe FL, Paul N, Appleby PN và cộng sự. Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(9):dju240.
68. Baydoun MA, Kaufman JS, Satia JA và cộng sự. Plasma n-3 fatty acids and the risk of cognitive decline in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(4):1103–11. Connor WE, Connor SL. The importance of fish and docosahexaenoic acid in Alzheimer disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(4):929–30. Cole GM, Ma QL, Frautschy SA và cộng sự. Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;81(2–3): 213–21. Van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S và cộng sự. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(4):1142–47.
69. Pottala JV, Yaff K, Robinson JG và cộng sự. Higher RBC EPA + DHA corresponds with larger total brain and hippocampal volumes. Neurology. 2014;82(5):435–42.
70. Sarter B, Kelsey KS, Schwartz TA và cộng sự. Blood docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in vegans: associations with age and gender and effects of an algalderived omega-3 fatty acid supplement. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(2):212–18.
71. McNamara RK, Strawn JR. Role of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatric practice. PharmaNutrition. 2013;1(2):41–49. Grosso G, Galvano F, Marventano S và cộng sự. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:313570. Grosso G, Pajak A, Marventano S và cộng sự. Role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depressive disorders: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e96905. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096905.
72. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Porter K và cộng sự. Depressive symptoms, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(3):217–24. Mazza M, Pomponi M, Janiri L và cộng sự. Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants in neurological and psychiatric diseases: an overview. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31(1):12–26.
73. McNamara RK, Strimpfel J, Jandacek R và cộng sự. Detection and treatment of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in adolescents with SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder. PharmaNutrition. 2014;2(2):38–46. Kraguljac NV, Montori VM, Pavuluri M và cộng sự. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in mood disorders: a systematic review and meta analysis. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2009;42(3):39–54. Lin PY, Su KP. A metaanalytic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(7):1056–61. Frangou S, Lewis M, McCrone P. Efficacy of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression: randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:46–50.
74. Wilson VK, Houston DK, Kilpatrick L và cộng sự. Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cognitive function in older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(4):636–41.
75. Toffanello ED, Coin A, Egle Perissinotto E và cộng sự. Vitamin D deficiency predicts cognitive decline in older men and women: the Pro.V.A. Study. Neurology. 2014;83(24):2292–98.
76. Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Mazereeuw G và cộng sự. Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(12):872–78.
77. Maserejian NN, Hall SA, McKinlay JB. Low dietary or supplemental zinc is associated with depression symptoms among women, but not men, in a populationbased epidemiological survey. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):781–88. 78. Nowak G, Siwek M, Dudek D và cộng sự. Effect of zinc supplementation on antidepressant therapy in unipolar depression: a preliminary placebo-controlled study. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003;55(6):1143–47. Ranjbar E, Kasaei MS, Mohammad-Shirazi M và cộng sự. Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with major depression: a randomized clinical trial. Iran J Psychiatry. 2013;8(2):73–79.

Chương 5

1. Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S và cộng sự. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:398–406.
2. Pan A, Sun Q, Bernstein AM và cộng sự. Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(7):555–63. Sinha R, Cross AJ, Graubard BI và cộng sự. Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:562–71. Major JM, Cross AJ, Doubeni CA và cộng sự. Socioeconomic deprivation impact on meat intake and mortality: NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22:1699–1707. Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M và cộng sự. Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:516S–24S. Fraser GE. Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:532S–38S. Vogel RA, Corretti MC, Plotnick GD. Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:350–54. Hall WL. Dietary saturated and unsaturated fats as determinants of blood pressure and vascular function. Nutr Res Rev. 2009;22:18–38.
3. S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010. Available at health.gov/dietaryguidelines /dga2010/dietaryguidelines2010.pdf.
4. Lawrence GD. Dietary fats and health: dietary recommendations in the context of scientific evidence. Adv Nutr. 2013;4:294–302. Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML và cộng sự. Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1965;17:281–95.
5. Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA và cộng sự. Dietary fat and serum lipids: an evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57:875–83. Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Chisholm WA. The effect of replacing dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat on plasma lipids in free-living young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55:908–15. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD và cộng sự. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:1146–55. Mensink RP, Katan MB. Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:911–19. Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence. Lipids. 2010;45:893–905.
6. Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S và cộng sự. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(6):398–406.
7. Astrup A, Dyerberg J, Elwood P và cộng sự. The role of reducing intakes of saturated fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: where does the evidence stand in 2010? Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(4):684–88. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB và cộng sự. Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010;12:384–90.
8. Jakobsen MU, O’Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL và cộng sự. Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1425–32.
9. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2010;7(3):e1000252.
10. Jakobsen MU, Dethlefsen C, Joensen AM và cộng sự. Intake of carbohydrates compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1764–68.
11. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB và cộng sự. Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:502–9. Siri PW, Krauss RM. Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on LDL and HDL particle distributions. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2005;7:455–59.
12. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S và cộng sự. Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1991–2002. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J và cộng sự. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:627–37. Mirrahimi A, de Souza RJ, Chiavaroli L và cộng sự. Associations of glycemic index and load with coronary heart disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1(5):e000752. Fan J, Song Y, Wang Y và cộng sự. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and stroke mortality: a systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52182.
13. Hu FB. Are refined carbohydrates worse than saturated fat? Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1541–42.
14. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ. Nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a review of epidemiologic evidence. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 1999;1(3):204–9.
15. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Popovich DG và cộng sự. Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function. Metabolism. 2001;50:494–503.
16. Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC và cộng sự. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians’ Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(12):1382–87.
17. Kennedy A, Martinez K, Chuang CC và cộng sự. Saturated fatty acid–mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue: mechanisms of action and implications. J Nutr. 2009;139:1–4. Jimenez-Gomez Y, Lopez-Miranda J, Blanco-Colio LM và cộng sự. Olive oil and walnut breakfasts reduce the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with a butter breakfast in healthy men. Atherosclerosis. 2009;204:e70–76. Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Blanco-Colio L và cộng sự. The chronic intake of a Mediterranean diet enriched in virgin olive oil decreases nuclear transcription factor kappaB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy men. Atherosclerosis. 2007;194:e141–46. Masson CJ, Mensink RP. Exchanging saturated fatty acids for (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in a mixed meal may decrease postprandial lipemia and markers of inflammation and endothelial activity in overweight men. J Nutr. 2011;141(5):816–21.
18. Sieri S, Chiodini P, Agnoli C và cộng sự. Dietary fat intake and development of specific breast cancer subtypes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(5):dju068. doi: 10.1093/jnci /dju068 Farvid MS, Cho E, Chen WY và cộng sự. Premenopausal dietary fat in relation to pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;145:255–65.
19. Boyd NF, Stone J, Vogt KN và cộng sự. Dietary fat and breast cancer risk revisited: a metaanalysis of the published literature. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:1672–85.
20. Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Kullberg J và cộng sự. Overfeeding polyunsaturated and saturated fat causes distinct effects on liver and visceral fat accumulation in humans. Diabetes. 2014;63:2356–68.
21. Bjermo H, Iggman D, Kullberg J và cộng sự. Effects of n-6 PUFAs compared with SFAs on liver fat, lipoproteins, and inflammation in abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:1003–12.
22. Riccardi G, Giacco R, Rivellese AA. Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2004;23:447–56.
23. National Cancer Institute. Applied Research: Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Table 4. Food Sources of Arachidonic Acid. Available at http://applied research.cancer.gov/diet/foodsources/fatty_acids/table4.html. Wynder EL, Rose DP, Cohen LA. Diet and breast cancer in causation and therapy. Cancer. 1986;58:1804– 13. Makarem N, Chandran U, Bandera EV và cộng sự. Dietary fat in breast cancer survival. Ann Rev Nutr. 2013;33:319–48. De Lorgeril M, Salen P. New insights into the health effects of dietary saturated and omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Med. 2012;10:50.
24. Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE. Nutritional regulation of the insulinlike growth factors. Endocr Rev. 1994;15(1):80–101. Kaaks R. Nutrition, insulin, IGF-1 metabolism and cancer risk: a summary of epidemiological evidence. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;262:247–60, discussion 260–68.
25. Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS và cộng sự. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1575–84. Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ và cộng sự. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2011;472:57–63. Richman EL, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ và cộng sự. Choline intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer: incidence and survival. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:855–63.
26. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington DC: AICR; 2007. Lunn JC, Kuhnle G, Mai V và cộng sự. The effect of haem in red and processed meat on the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28:685–90. Kuhnle GG, Story GW, Reda T và cộng sự. Diet-induced endogenous formation of nitroso compounds in the GI tract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43:1040–47. Zheng W, Lee S-A. Well-done meat intake, heterocyclic amine exposure, and cancer risk. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61:437–46.
27. Brewer GJ. Iron and copper toxicity in diseases of aging, particularly atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Biol Med. 2007;232:323–35. Brewer GJ. Risks of copper and iron toxicity during aging in humans. Chem Res Toxicol. 2010;23:319–26.
28. Hunnicutt J, He K, xun P. Dietary iron intake and body stores are associated with risk of coronary artery disease in a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Nutr. 2014;144(3):359–66. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185124.
29. Reaven PD, Grasse BJ, Tribble DL. Effects of linoleate-enriched and oleate-enriched diets in combination with alpha-tocopherol on the susceptibility of LDL and LDL subfractions to oxidative modification in humans. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:557– 66. Hargrove RL, Etherton TD, Pearson TA và cộng sự. Low fat and high monounsaturated fat diets decrease human low density lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility in vitro. J Nutr. 2001;131:1758–63. Basu A, Rhone M, Lyons TJ. Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68:168–77. Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H. Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187:1–17.
30. Bernstein AM, Sun Q, Hu FB và cộng sự. Major dietary protein sources and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation. 2010;122:876–83.
31. Chen GC, Lv DB, Pang Z và cộng sự. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(1):91–95.
32. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. 2011.
33. Mansson HL. Fatty acids in bovine milk fat. Food Nutr Res. 2008;52. doi: 10.3402 /fnr.v52i0.1821.
34. Huth PJ, Park KM. Influence of dairy product and milk fat consumption on cardiovascular disease risk: a review of the evidence. Adv Nutr. 2012;3:266–85.
35. Genkinger JM, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D và cộng sự. Dairy products and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:364–72. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Milk, milk products and lactose intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:431–41. Ganmaa D, Cui x, Feskanich D và cộng sự. Milk, dairy intake and risk of endometrial cancer: a 26-year follow-up. Int J Cancer. 2012;130(11):2664–71. Song Y, Chavarro JE, Cao Y và cộng sự. Whole milk intake is associated with prostate cancer–specific mortality among U.S. male physicians. J Nutr. 2013;143:189–96. Raimondi S, Mabrouk JB, Shatenstein B và cộng sự. Diet and prostate cancer risk with specific focus on dairy products and dietary calcium: a case-control study. Prostate 2010;70:1054–65. Qin LQ, xu JY, Wang PY và cộng sự. Milk consumption is a risk factor for prostate cancer in Western countries: evidence from cohort studies. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16:467–76.
36. Kris-Etherton PM, Hu FB, Ros E và cộng sự. The role of tree nuts and peanuts in the prevention of coronary heart disease: multiple potential mechanisms. J Nutr. 2008;138:1746S–51S.
37. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Ten years of life: is it a matter of choice? Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1645–52. Baer HJ, Glynn RJ, Hu FB và cộng sự. Risk factors for mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: a competing risks analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:319–29. Guasch-Ferre M, Bullo M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA và cộng sự. Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial. BMC Med. 2013;11:164. Salas-Salvado J, Casas-Agustench P, Murphy MM và cộng sự. The effect of nuts on inflammation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(suppl 1):333–36. Ros E. Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1649S–56S.
38. Sabate J, Oda K, Ros E. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels: a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:821–27.
39. Dreher ML, Davenport AJ. Hass avocado composition and potential health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53:738–50.
40. Luu HN, Blot WJ, xiang Y và cộng sự. Prospective evaluation of the association of nut/ peanut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(5):755–66. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8347.
41. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE và cộng sự. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 1998;317(7169):1341–45.
42. Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC và cộng sự. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians’ Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(12);1382–87.
43. Fraser GE. Nut consumption, lipids, and risk of a coronary event. Clin Cardiol. 1999;22(suppl 3):11–15. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Risk factors for all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in the oldest-old: the Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(19):2249–58.
44. Jenkins DJ, Kendell CW, Banack MS và cộng sự. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(8):1706–11.
45. Mattes RD, Dreher ML. Nuts and healthy body weight maintenance mechanisms. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(1):137–41. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sabaté J, Gomez-Gracia E và cộng sự. Nut consumption and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15:107–16. Bes-Rastrollo M, Wedick NM, MartinezGonzalez MA và cộng sự. Prospective study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(6):1913–19.
46. Wien MA, Sabaté JM, Iklé DN và cộng sự. Almonds vs. complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27(11):1365–72. Mattes RD, Kris-Etherton PM, Foster GD. Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults. J Nutr. 2008;138(9):1741S–45S.
47. Mattes RD, Dreher ML. Nuts and healthy body weight maintenance mechanisms. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(1):137–41. Bes-Rastrollo M, Sabaté J, Gomez-Gracia E và cộng sự. Nut consumption and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15:107–16. Bes-Rastrollo M, Wedick NM, MartinezGonzalez MA và cộng sự. Prospective study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(6):1913–19.
48. Novotny JA, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ. Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(2):296–301.
49. Sabate J và cộng sự. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels: a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:821–27.
50. Sabate J, Oda K, Ros E. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels. Arch Intern Med. Salas-Salvado J, Guasch-Ferre M, Bullo M và cộng sự. Nuts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(suppl 1):399S–407S.
51. Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB và cộng sự. A prospective cohort study of nut consumption and the risk of gallstone disease in men. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:961–68. Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Hu FB và cộng sự. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:76–81.
52. Salas-Salvado J, Guasch-Ferre M, Bullo M và cộng sự. Nuts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(suppl 1):399S–407S. Jenkins DJ, Ken dall CW, Banach MS và cộng sự. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1706–11. Josse AR, Kendall CW, Augustin LS và cộng sự. Almonds and postprandial glycemia: a dose-response study. Metabolism. 2007;56:400–4. Pan A, Sun Q, Manson JE và cộng sự. Walnut consumption is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women. J Nutr. 2013;143:512–18. Kochar J, Gaziano JM, Djousse L. Nut consumption and risk of type II diabetes in the Physicians’ Health Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64:75–79. Salas-Salvado J, Bullo M, Babio N và cộng sự. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with the Mediterranean diet: results of the PREDIMED-Reus nutrition intervention randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:14–19. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Josse AR và cộng sự. Almonds decrease postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and oxidative damage in healthy individuals. J Nutr. 2006;136:2987–92. Wien MA, Sabate JM, Ikle DN và cộng sự. Almonds vs. complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:1365–72. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A và cộng sự. Effect of almonds on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Metabolism. 2008;57:882–87. Wien M, Bleich D, Raghuwanshi M và cộng sự. Almond consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with prediabetes. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010;29:189–97. Jiang R, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ và cộng sự. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2002;288:2554–60.
53. Wien MA, Sabate JM, Ikle DN và cộng sự. Almonds vs. complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:1365–72. Mohammadifard N, Salehi-Abarghouei A, Salas-Salvado J và cộng sự. The effect of tree nut, peanut, and soy nut consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):966–82. Djousse L, Rudich T, Gaziano JM. Nut consumption and risk of hypertension in US male physicians. Clin Nutr. 2009;28:10–14. Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D và cộng sự. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:1–11.
54. Jackson CL, Hu FB. Long-term associations of nut consumption with body weight and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(suppl 1):408S–11S. Mattes RD, Dreher ML. Nuts and healthy body weight maintenance mechanisms. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19:137–41. Vadivel V, Kunyanga CN, Biesalski HK. Health benefits of nut consumption with special reference to body weight control. Nutrition. 2012;28:1089–97.
55. Zhang Z, xu G, Wei Y và cộng sự. Nut consumption and risk of stroke. Eur J Epidemiol. 2015;30:189–96.
56. Poulose SM, Miller MG, Shukitt-Hale B. Role of walnuts in maintaining brain health with age. J Nutr. 2014;144:561S–66S. O’Brien J, Okereke O, Devore E và cộng sự. Long-term intake of nuts in relation to cognitive function in older women. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18:496–502. Pribis P, Shukitt-Hale B. Cognition: the new frontier for nuts and berries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(suppl 1):347S–52S. Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Clavero P, Toledo E và cộng sự. Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMEDNAVARRA randomised trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:1318–25. Barbour JA, Howe PR, Buckley JD và cộng sự. Nut consumption for vascular health and cognitive function. Nutr Res Rev. 2014;27:131–58.
57. Falasca M, Casari I. Cancer chemoprevention by nuts: evidence and promises. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012;4:109–20. Gonzalez CA, Salas-Salvado J. The potential of nuts in the prevention of cancer. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(suppl 2):S87–94. Falasca M, Casari I, Maffucci T. Cancer chemoprevention with nuts. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(9). doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju238. Fillon M. Nuts may lower cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(4):dju102. Sabate J, Ang Y. Nuts and health outcomes: new epidemiologic evidence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1643S–48S. Buck K, Zaineddin AK, Vrieling A và cộng sự. Meta-analyses of lignans and enterolignans in relation to breast cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:141–53. Velentzis LS, Cantwell MM, Cardwell C và cộng sự. Lignans and breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women: meta-analyses of observational studies. Br J Cancer. 2009;100:1492–98. Saarinen NM, Tuominen J, Pylkkanen L và cộng sự. Assessment of information to substantiate a health claim on the prevention of prostate cancer by lignans. Nutrients. 2010;2:99–115.
58. Guasch-Ferre M, Bullo M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA và cộng sự. Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial. BMC Med. 2013;11:164. Van den Brandt PA, Schouten LJ. Relationship of tree nut, peanut and peanut butter intake with total and cause-specific mortality: a cohort study and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2015. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv039. Baer HJ, Glynn RJ, Hu FB và cộng sự. Risk factors for mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: a competing risks analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:319–29. Ellsworth JL, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Frequent nut intake and risk of death from coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;11:372–77. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Ten years of life: is it a matter of choice? Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1645–52. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Risk factors for all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in the oldest-old: the Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2249–58. Luu HN, Blot WJ, xiang YB và cộng sự. Prospective evaluation of the association of nut/peanut consumption with total and causespecific mortality. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(5):755–66. Sabate J. Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:500S–3S.
59. Fraser GE, Shavlik DJ. Ten years of life: is it a matter of choice? Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(13):1645–52.
60. Kris-Etherton PM, Hu FB, Ros E và cộng sự. The role of tree nuts and peanuts in the prevention of coronary heart disease: multiple potential mechanisms. J Nutr. 2008;138: 1746S–51S.
61. Salas-Salvadó J, Casas-Agustench P, Murphy MM và cộng sự. The effect of nuts on inflammation. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(suppl 1):333–36. Casas-Agustench P, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts, inflammation and insulin resistance. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(1):124–30. Gopinath B, Buyken AE, Flood VM và cộng sự. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish, and nuts and risk of inflammatory disease mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):1073–79. Ros E. Nuts and novel biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1649S–56S. Kris-Etherton PM, Hu FB, Ros E và cộng sự. The role of tree nuts and peanuts in the prevention of coronary heart disease: multiple potential mechanisms. J Nutr. 2008;138(9):1746S–51S. O’Neil CE, Keast DR, Nicklas TA và cộng sự. Nut consumption is associated with decreased health risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: NHANES 1999–2004. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011;30(6):502–10. Falasca M, Casari I. Cancer chemoprevention by nuts: evidence and promises. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012;1(4):109– 20. González CA, Salas-Salvadó J. The potential of nuts in the prevention of cancer. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(suppl 2):S87–94.
62. Young VM, Toborek M, Yang F và cộng sự. Effect of linoleic acid on endothelial cell inflammatory mediators. Metabolism. 1998;47(5):566–72. Simopoulos AP. The omega-6/ omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(suppl 1):131–34. Herieka M, Erridge C. High-fat meal induced postprandial inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Jan;58(1):136–46. Blankenhorn DH, Johnson R, Mack WI và cộng sự. The influence of diet on the appearance of new lesions in human coronary arteries JAMA. 1990;263(12):1646–52.
63. Sala-Vila A, Romero-Mamani ES, Gilabert R và cộng sự. Changes in ultrasound-assessed carotid intima-media thickness and plaque with a Mediterranean diet: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(2):439-45.
64. Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Martínez-González MA và cộng sự. PREDIMED Study Group. Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial. BMC Med. 2013;11:164.
65. Poulose SM, Miller MG, Shukitt-Hale B. Role of walnuts in maintaining brain health with age. J Nutr. 2014;144(suppl 4):561S–66S.
66. Kris-Etherton PM. Walnuts decrease risk of cardiovascular disease: a summary of efficacy and biologic mechanisms. J Nutr. 2014;144(suppl 4):547S–54S.
67. Katz DL, Davidhi A, Ma Y và cộng sự. Effects of walnuts on endothelial function in overweight adults with visceral obesity: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2012;31(6):415–23. West SG, Krick AL, Klein LC và cộng sự. Effects of diets high in walnuts and flax oil on hemodynamic responses to stress and vascular endothelial function. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010;29(6):595–603.
68. Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:2047–67.
69. De Lorgeril M, Salen P. New insights into the health effects of dietary saturated and omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Med. 2012;10:50. Berquin IM, Edwards IJ, Chen YQ. Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by omega-3 fatty acids. Cancer Lett. 2008;269:363–77.
70. Hu D, Huang J, Wang Y và cộng sự. Fruits and vegetables consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Stroke. 2014;45:1613–19.
71. Cassidy A, O’Reilly EJ, Kay C và cộng sự. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:338–47. Chong MF, Macdonald R, Lovegrove JA. Fruit polyphenols and CVD risk: a review of human intervention studies. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(suppl 3):S28–39.
72. Rodrigues-Leyva D, Weighell W, Edel AL và cộng sự. Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2013;62(6):1081–89.
73. Karppi J, Laukkanen JA, Sivenius J và cộng sự. Serum lycopene decreases the risk of stroke in men: a population-based follow-up study. Neurology. 2012;79(15):1540–47. Li x, xu J. Dietary and circulating lycopene and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep. 2014 May 22;4:5031.
74. Li D, Mehta JL. Oxidized LDL, a critical factor in atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Dec 1;68(3):353–54.
75. Yu-Poth S, Etherton TD, Reddy CC và cộng sự. Lowering dietary saturated fat and total fat reduces the oxidative susceptibility of LDL in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2000;130(9):2228–37.
76. Kris-Etherton PM, Hu FB, Ros E và cộng sự. The role of tree nuts and peanuts in the prevention of coronary heart disease: multiple potential mechanisms. J Nutr. 2008;138(9):1746S– 51S. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A và cộng sự. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects. J Nutr. 2008;138:908–13. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A và cộng sự. Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Circulation. 2002;106:1327–32.
77. Navar-Boggan AM, Peterson ED, D’Agostino RB và cộng sự. Hyperlipidemia in early adulthood increases long-term risk of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2015;131(5): 451–58.
78. Lloyd-Jones DM, Leip EP, Larson MG và cộng sự. Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age. Circulation. 2006;113(6):791–98.
79. Hyttinen L, Strandberg TE, Strandberg AY và cộng sự. Effect of cholesterol on mortality and quality of life up to a 46-year follow-up. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108(5):677–81.
80. Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou x và cộng sự. Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229(2):424–530.
81. Rong Y, Chen L, Zhu T và cộng sự. Egg consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2013;346:e8539.
82. Djousse L, Gaziano JM, Buring JE và cộng sự. Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:295–300.
83. Shin JY, xun P, Nakamura Y và cộng sự. Egg consumption in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):146–59.
84. Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP và cộng sự. Egg consumption and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May;101(5):1088–96.
85. Spence JD, Jenkins DJ, Davignon J. Dietary cholesterol and egg yolks: not for patients at risk of vascular disease. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26:e336–39.
86. Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS và cộng sự. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1575–84. Wang Z, Klipfell E, Bennett BJ và cộng sự. Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. Nature. 2011;472:57–63.
87. Sharp SJ, Pocock SJ. Time trends in serum cholesterol before cancer death. Epidemiology. 1997 Mar;8:132–36. Zureik M, Courbon D, Ducimetiere P. Decline in serum total cholesterol and the risk of death from cancer. Epidemiology. 1997 Mar;8(2):137–43.
88. Shirani J, Yousefi J, Roberts WC. Major cardiac findings at necropsy in 366 American octogenarians. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(2):151–56.
89. Joseph A, Ackerman D, Talley JD và cộng sự. Manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis in young trauma victims: an autopsy study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(2):459–67.
90. Campbell TC, Parpia B, Chen J. Diet, lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornel China Study. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10B):18–21T.
91. Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence. Lipids. 2010;45:893– 905. Tholstrup T, Vessby B, Sandstrom B. Difference in effect of myristic and stearic acid on plasma HDL cholesterol within 24 h in young men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:735–42.
92. Abbey M, Noakes M, Belling GB và cộng sự. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acids with almonds or walnuts lowers total plasma cholesterol and low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:995–99. Spiller GA, Jenkins DA, Bosello O và cộng sự. Nuts and plasma lipids: an almond-based diet lowers LDL-C while preserving HDL-C. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17:285–90. Sabate J, Oda K, Ros E. Nut consumption and blood lipid levels: a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:821–27.
93. Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence. Lipids. 2010;45:893– 905. Grundy SM. Influence of stearic acid on cholesterol metabolism relative to other long-chain fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:986S–90S. German JB, Dillard CJ. Saturated fats: what dietary intake? Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:550–59.
94. Nutrient Search. Available at http://www.nutritiondata.com /tools/nutrient-search.
95. Rizzo M, Pernice V, Frasheri A và cộng sự. Small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are predictors of cardio- and cerebro-vascular events in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70:870–75. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH và cộng sự. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1988;260:1917–21.
96. Dreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Campos H và cộng sự. Change in dietary saturated fat intake is correlated with change in mass of large low-density-lipoprotein particles in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:828–36.
97. Kratz M, Gulbahce E, von Eckardstein A và cộng sự. Dietary mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids similarly affect LDL size in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2002;132:715–18.
98. Siri PW, Krauss RM. Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on LDL and HDL particle distributions. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2005;7:455–59.
99. Abbey M, Noakes M, Belling GB và cộng sự. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acids with almonds or walnuts lowers total plasma cholesterol and low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:995–99.
100. Vega-Lopez S, Ausman LM, Jalbert SM và cộng sự. Palm and partially hydrogenated soybean oils adversely alter lipoprotein profiles compared with soybean and canola oils in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:54–62.

Chương 6

1. Wang Y, Wang QJ. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults according to the new joint National Committee guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(19):2126–34.
2. Frohlich ED, Varagic J. The role of sodium in hypertension is more complex than simply elevating arterial pressure. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2004;1(1):24–30.
3. Dickenson BD, Havas S. Reducing the population burden of cardiovascular disease by reducing sodium intake: a report of the Council on Science and Public Health. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(14):1460–68.
4. Karppanen H, Mervaala E. Sodium intake and hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;49(2):59–75. Cutler JA, Roccell E. Salt reduction for preventing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2006;48(5):818–19.
5. Cook N, Cutler J, Obarzanek E và cộng sự. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trails of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ. 2007;334:885.
6. Havas S, Roccella EJ, Lenfant C. Reducing the public health from elevated blood pressure levels in the United States by lowering intake of dietary sodium. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(1):19–22.
7. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903–13.
8. Weinberger MH. Salt sensitivity is associated with an increased mortality in both normal and hypertensive humans. J Clin Hypertens. 2002;4(4):274–76.
9. Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D và cộng sự. Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: a prospective study. Lancet. 2001;357: 848–51.
10. Luke RG. President’s address: salt—too much of a good thing? Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2007;118:1–22.
11. Freis E. The role of salt in hypertension. Blood Pressure. 1991;1:196–200.
12. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Lifetime Risk of Hypertension. Bethesda, MD: U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 2004 Aug. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/NBK9636/.
13. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on primary prevention of hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1993 Jan 25;153(2):186–208. Henney JE, Taylor CL, Boon CS. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States. Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010. Available at http://iom.nationalacademies .org/Reports/2010/Strategies-to-Reduce-Sodium-Intake-in-the-United-states.aspx.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Salt. 2015. Available at http://www .cdc.gov/salt/.
15. Oparil S. Low sodium intake: cardiovascular health benefit or risk? N Engl J Med. 2014; 371:677–79.
16. O’Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S và cộng sự. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:612–23.
17. O’Donnell M và cộng sự. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. (referred to as Study A in the text). Mente A, O’Donnell MJ, Rangarajan S và cộng sự. Association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with blood pressure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:601–11 (referred to as Study B).
18. Mozaffarian D, Fahimi S, Singh GM và cộng sự. Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:624–34.
19. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL và cộng sự. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129:e28–e292.
20. Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Coxson PG và cộng sự. Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:590–99.
21. Van Rensbergen G, Nawrot T. Medical conditions of nursing home admissions. BMC Geriatr. 2010;10:46.
22. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2011: With Special Feature on Socioeconomic Status and Health. Hyattsville, MD: 2012. Table 51. End-stage renal disease patients, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 1980–2010, pp. 190–91. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus11.pdf.
23. Cherubini A, Lowenthal DT, Paran E và cộng sự. Hypertension and cognitive function in the elderly. Am J Ther. 2007;14(6):533–54.
24. Bui AL, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8:30–41. Pfister R, Michels G, Sharp SJ và cộng sự. Estimated urinary sodium excretion and risk of heart failure in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:394–402.
25. Hall MJ, Levant S, DeFrances CJ. Hospitalization for congestive heart failure: United States, 2000–2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;108:1–8. Available at http://www.cdc .gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db108.htm.
26. Zhao LQ, Liu SW. Atrial fibrillation in essential hypertension: an issue of concern. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2014;15:100–6. Gutierrez C, Blanchard DG. Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:61–68.
27. Sakhaee K, Maalouf NM, Sinnott B. Clinical review. Kidney stones 2012: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:1847–60.
28. Tsugane S, Sasazuki S. Diet and the risk of gastric cancer: review of epidemiological evidence. Gastric Cancer. 2007;10:75–83. D’Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R và cộng sự. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(4):489–98. Lu JB, Qin YM. Correlation between high salt intake and mortality rates for oesophageal and gastric cancers in Henan Province, China. Int J Epidemiol. 1987;16(2):171–76. Deckers IAG, Van Den Brandt PA, van Engeland M và cộng sự. Long-term dietary sodium, potassium and fluid intake: exploring potential novel risk factors for renal cell cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:797–801.
29. Amer M, Woodward M, Appel LJ. Effects of dietary sodium and the DASH diet on the occurrence of headaches: results from randomised multicentre DASH-Sodium clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2014;4:e006671. Aanen MC, Bredenoord AJ, Smout A. Effect of dietary sodium chloride on gastro-oesophageal reflux: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(10):1141–46. Wu P, Zhao xH, Ai ZS và cộng sự. Dietary intake and risk for reflux esophagitis: a case-control study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:691026.
30. Himalayan Crystal Salt: http://www.himalayancrystalsalt.com.
31. Institute of Medicine Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1997.
32. Havas S, Dickinson B, Wilson M. The urgent need to reduce sodium consumption. JAMA. 2007;298(12):1439–41.
33. Jacobson MF. Salt: the forgotten killer. Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest; 2005: 8. Available at https://cspinet.org/salt/saltreport.pdf.
34. Nestle M. What to Eat. New York: North Star; 2006: 365.
35. Goldstein LB. The complex relationship between cholesterol and brain hemorrhage. Circulation. 2009;119:2131–33.
36. Yano K, Reed D, MacLean C. Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke. 1989;20(11):1460–65.
37. Heaney R. Role of dietary sodium in osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(3): 271S–76S.
38. Tsugane S, Sasazuki S. Diet and the risk of gastric cancer: review of epidemiological evidence. Gastric Cancer. 2007;10(2):75–83. Joossens JV, Hill MJ, Elliot P và cộng sự. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25(3):494–504.
39. Burney P. A diet rich in sodium may potentiate asthma: epidemiologic evidence for a new hypothesis. Chest. 1987;91(suppl 2):143s–48s. Tribe RM, Barton JR, Poston L và cộng sự. Dietary sodium intake, airway responsiveness, and cellular transport. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:1426–33.
40. Pistelli R, Forastiere F, Corbo GM và cộng sự. Respiratory symptoms and bronchial responsiveness are related to dietary salt intake and urinary potassium excretion in male children. Eur Respir J. 1993;6:517–22. Demissie K, Ernst P, Gray DK và cộng sự. Usual dietary salt intake and asthma in children: a case-control study. Thorax. 1996;51:59–63.
41. Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation. Seasoning without salt. Available at http://www.pamf.org/heartfailure/lifestyle/diet/seasoning.html.

Chương 7

1. Nissen SE. Halting the progression of atherosclerosis with intensive lipid lowering: results from the Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) trial. Am J Med. 2005;118(S12A):22–27.
2. Tang WHW, Wang Z, Levison BS và cộng sự. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368:1575–84. Keleman LE, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr và cộng sự. Association of dietary protein with disease and mortality in a prospective study of post-menopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005:161(3):239–48. Lagiou P, Sandin S, Lof M và cộng sự. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e4026. American Heart Association. Vegetarian diets. 2015. Available at http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter /Vegetarian-Diets_UCM_306032_Article.jsp.
3. Grant WB. A multicounty ecological study of cancer incidence rates in 2008 with respect to various risk-modifying factors. Nutrients. 2014;6:163–89.
4. Public Radio International (PRI). Global cancer incidence. 2008. Available at http://globalcancermap.com.
5. Thompson RC, Allam AH, Lombardi GP và cộng sự. Atherosclerosis across 4000 years of human history: the Horus study of four ancient populations. Lancet. 2013;381(9873):1211–22.
6. Bjerregaard P, Young TK, Hegele RA. Low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the Inuit: what is the evidence? Atherosclerosis. 2003;166(2):351–57.
7. Cheng TO. Changing prevalence of heart diseases in People’s Republic of China. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80(1):108–9. Smith JM. Dietary decadence and dynastic decline in the Mongol Empire. J Asian Hist. 2000;34(1):35–52.
8. Ströhle A, Wolters M, Hahn A. Carbohydrates and the diet-atherosclerosis connection: more between earth and heaven. Comment on the article “The atherogenic potential of dietary carbohydrate.” Prev Med. 2007 Jan;44(1):82–84; author reply 84–85. Shaper AG. Commentary: personal reflection on serum-cholesterol, diet and coronary heart-disease in Africans and Asians in Uganda. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(5):1225–28.
9. Levine ME, Suarez JA, Brandhorst S và cộng sự. Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1, cancer, and overall mortality in the 65 and younger but not older population. Cell Metab. 2014;19(3):407–17.
10. For more, see the WCRF/AICR website at http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/cup.
11. Oyebode O, Gordon-Dseagu V, Walker A và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68(9):856–62. doi: 10.1136/jech-2013-203500.
12. Wang x, Ouyang Y, Liu J và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2014;349:g4490. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr. 2006;136(10):2588–93. He FJ, Nowson CA, MacGregor GA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: metaanalysis of cohort studies. Lancet. 2006;367(9507):320–26.
13. Zakkar M, Van der Heiden K, Luong LA và cộng sự. Activation of Nrf2 in endothelial cells protects arteries from exhibiting a proinflammatory state. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29(11):1851–57. Dwyer JH, Navab M, Dwyer KM và cộng sự. Oxygenated carotenoid lutein and progression of early atherosclerosis: the Los Angeles atherosclerosis study. Circulation. 2001;103(24):2922–27.
14. Lopez-Legarrea P, de la Iglesia R, Abete I và cộng sự. The protein type within a hypocaloric diet affects obesity-related inflammation: the RESMENA project. Nutrition. 2014;30:424–29.
15. Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS và cộng sự. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(1):87–117. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Milk, milk products and lactose intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(2):431–41.
16. S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010. Available at health.gov/dietaryguidelines /dga2010/dietaryguidelines2010.pdf.
17. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM và cộng sự. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(1):3–10.
18. Dunaief DM, Fuhrman J, Dunaief JL và cộng sự. Glycemic and cardiovascular parameters improved in type 2 diabetes with the high nutrient density (HND) diet. Open J Prev Med. 2012;2(3):364–71. Fuhrman J, Singer M. Improved cardiovascular parameter with a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet-style: a patient survey with illustrative cases. Amer J Life Med. October 15, 2015 doi: 10.1177/1559827615611024.
19. Ornish D, Weidner G, Fair WR và cộng sự. Intensive lifestyle changes may affect the progression of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;174(3):1065–70.
20. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1998;280(23):2001–7.
21. Grosso G, Yang J, Marventano S và cộng sự. Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101:783–93.
22. Esselstyn CB Jr, Gendy G, Doyle J và cộng sự. A way to reverse CAD? J Fam Prac. 2014;63(7):256–64b.
23. Barnard RJ, Guzy P, Rosenberg J và cộng sự. Effects of an intensive exercise and nutrition program on patients with coronary artery disease: a five-year follow-up. J Cardiac Rehab. 1983;3:183–90.
24. Beard CM, Barnard RJ, Robbins DC và cộng sự. Effects of diet and exercise on qualitative and quantitative measures of LDL and its susceptibility to oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:201–7.
25. Rankin P, Morton DP, Diehl HA và cộng sự. Effectiveness of a volunteer-delivered lifestyle modification program for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J of Cardiol. 2012;109(1):82–6. Morton D, Rankin P, Kent L, Dysinger W. CHIP: History, evaluation and outcomes. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2014; DOI:10.1177/1559827614531391.
26. Fuhrman J. Dietary protocols to maximize disease reversal and long term safety. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2015 May 4. doi: 10.1177/1559827615580971.
27. Calle-Pascual AL, Saavedra A, Benedi A và cộng sự. Changes in nutritional pattern, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance during weight loss in obese patients from a Mediterranean area. Horm Metab Res. 1995 Nov;27(11):499–502.
28. Rose GA, Thompson WB, Williams RT. Corn oil treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Br Med J. 1965;1(5449):1531–33.
29. Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B và cộng sự. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:e8707.

Chương 8

1. Bhandarkar SS, Arbiser JL. Curcumin as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:185–95. Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14:141–53. Noorafshan A, Ashkani-Esfahani S. A review of therapeutic effects of curcumin. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19:2032–45. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as “Curecumin”: from kitchen to clinic. Biochen Pharmacol. 2008;75:787–809.
2. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO và cộng sự. Some phytochemical pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:409–20. Haniadka R, Saidanha E, Sunita V và cộng sự. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Funct. 2013;6:845–55. Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:2531–38. Rahmani AH, Shabrmi FM, Aly SM. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2014;6:125–36.
3. Hiebowicz J, Darwiche G, Bjorgell O và cộng sự. Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1552–56. Davis PA, Yokoyama W. Cinnamon intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis. J Med Food. 2011;14:884–89. Nahas R, Moher M. Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Can Fam Physician. 2009;55:591–96.

Chương 10

1. Bhandarkar SS, Arbiser JL. Curcumin as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;595:185–95. Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14:141–53. Noorafshan A, Ashkani-Esfahani S. A review of therapeutic effects of curcumin. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19:2032–45. Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as “Curecumin”: from kitchen to clinic. Biochen Pharmacol. 2008;75:787–809. 2. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO và cộng sự. Some phytochemical pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:409–20. Haniadka R, Saidanha E, Sunita V và cộng sự. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Food Funct. 2013;6:845–55. Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:2531–38. Rahmani AH, Shabrmi FM, Aly SM. Active ingredients of ginger as potential candidates in the prevention and treatment of diseases via modulation of biological activities. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2014;6:125–36. 3. Hiebowicz J, Darwiche G, Bjorgell O và cộng sự. Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1552–56. Davis PA, Yokoyama W. Cinnamon intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis. J Med Food. 2011;14:884–89. Nahas R, Moher M. Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Can Fam Physician. 2009;55:591–96. Chapter 10: Your Questions Answered 1. Grimsmo J, Grundvold I, Maehlum S và cộng sự. High prevalence of atrial fibrillation in long-term endurance cross-country skiers. Echocardiographic findings and possible predictors. A 28–30 year follow-up study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010;17:100–5.
2. Schnohr P, O’Keefe JH, Marott JL và cộng sự. Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:411–19.
3. Schnohr P, O’Keefe JH, Marott JL và cộng sự. Dose of jogging and long-term mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:411–419.
4. O’Keefe JH, Patil HR, Lavie CJ và cộng sự. Potential adverse cardiovascular effects from excessive endurance exercise. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(6):587–95.
5. Lee DC, Pate RR, Lavie CJ và cộng sự. Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(5):472–81.
6. Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011: 868305. doi: 10.1155/2011/868305.
7. Rognmo Ø, Hetland E, Helgerud J và cộng sự. High intensity aerobic interval exercise is superior to moderate intensity exercise for increasing aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Jun;11(3):216–22.
8. Molmen-Hansen HE, Stolen T, Tjonna AE và cộng sự. Aerobic interval training reduces blood pressure and improves myocardial function in hypertensive patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012;19(2):151–60.
9. Hightower JM, Moore D. Mercury levels in high-end consumers of fish. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;11(4):604–8.
10. Mahaffey KR, Clickner RP, Bodurow CC. Blood organic mercury and dietary mercury intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 and 2000. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112(5):562–70. Hightower JM, Moore D. Mercury levels in high-end consumers of fish. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111(4):604–8.
11. Dewailly E, Suhas E, Mou Y và cộng sự. High fish consumption in French Polynesia and prenatal exposure to metals and nutrients. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(3):461–70.
12. Diakovich MP, Efimova NV. Assessment of health risks upon exposure to mentholated mercury. Gig Sanit. 2001;2:49–51. Masley SC, Masley LV, Gualtieri CT. Effect of mercury levels and seafood intake on cognitive function in middle-aged adults. J Integr Med. 2012;11(3):32–40.
13. Foran JA, Carpenter DO, Hamilton MC và cộng sự. Risk-based consumption advice for farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon contaminated with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 May;113(5):552–56.
14. Burros, M. Stores say wild salmon, but tests say farm bred. New York Times. 2005 Apr 10. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/10/dining/stores-say-wild -salmon-but-tests-say-farm-bred.html?_r=0. Salonen JT, Seppänen K, Nyyssönen K và cộng sự. Intake of mercury from fish, lipid peroxidation, and the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary cardiovascular, and any death in eastern Finnish Men. Circulation. 1995;91(3):645–55.
15. Hueber, A, Rosentreter A, Severin M. Canthaxanthin retinopathy: long-term observations. Ophthalmic Res. 2011;46(2):103–6.
16. Karimi R, Fitzgerald TP, Fisher NS. Stonybrook University seafood mercury database: a quantitative synthesis of mercury in commercial seafood. Supplemental material. 2012.
17. Holmes MV, Dale CE, Zuccolo L và cộng sự. Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomization analysis based on individual participant data. BMJ. 2014;349:g4164.
18. Jayasekara H, English DR, Room R và cộng sự. Alcohol consumption over time and risk of death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(9):1049–59.
19. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD và cộng sự. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2224–60.
20. Rehm J, Baliunas D, Borges GL và cộng sự. The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview. Addiction. 2010;105:817–43.
21. Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K và cộng sự. The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer. 2002:87(11):1234–45.
22. Linkins LA, Choi PT, Douketis JD. Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:893–900.
23. Joshipura KJ, Ascherio A, Manson JE và cộng sự. Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA. 1999;282(13):1233–39.
24. Sauvaget C, Nagano J, Allen N và cộng sự. Vegetable and fruit intake and stroke mortality in the Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study. Stroke. 2003;34(10):2355–60.
25. Lamas GA, Goertz C, Boineau R và cộng sự. TACT Investigators. Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial. JAMA. 2013;309(12):1241–50.
26. Voight BF, Peloso GM, Orho-Melander M và cộng sự. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of MI: a Mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2012;380:572–80.
27. Ridker PM, Genest J, Boekholdt SM và cộng sự. HDL cholesterol and residual risk of first cardiovascular events after treatment with potent statin therapy: an analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9738)333–39. Hausenloy DJ, Opie L, Yellon DM. Dissociating HDL cholesterol from cardiovascular risk. Lancet. 2010;376(9738):305–6.
28. Higdon J, Delage B, Williams D và cộng sự. Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:224–36. Wu QJ, Yang Y, Vogtmann E và cộng sự. Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(4):1079–87. Liu x, Lv K. Cruciferous vegetables intake is inversely associated with risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast. 2013;22(3):309–13. Liu B, Mao Q, Cao M và cộng sự. Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol. 2012;19:134–41.
29. Bosetti C, Negri E, Kolonel L và cộng sự. A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VII. Cruciferous and other vegetables (International). Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13:765–75. Dal Maso L, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C và cộng sự. Risk factors for thyroid cancer: an epidemiological review focused on nutritional factors. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20:75–86.
30. Higdon J, Drake VJ. Cruciferous vegetables. In: An Evidence-Based Approach to Phytochemicals and Other Dietary Factors. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme; 2013.
31. Krajcovicova-Kudlackova M, Buckova K, Klimes I và cộng sự. Iodine deficiency in vegetarians and vegans. Ann Nutr Metab. 2003;47:183–85. Leung AM, Lamar A, He x và cộng sự. Iodine status and thyroid function of Boston-area vegetarians and vegans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E1303–7.
32. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplement fact sheet: iodine. Available at https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/.
33. McMillan M, Spinks EA, Fenwick GR. Preliminary observations on the effect of dietary brussels sprouts on thyroid function. Hum Toxicol. 1986;5:15–19.
34. Chu M, Seltzer TF. Myxedema coma induced by ingestion of raw bok choy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1945–46.
35. Tonstad S, Nathan E, Oda K và cộng sự. Vegan diets and hypothyroidism. Nutrients. 2013;5:4642–52.
36. Leung AM, Lamar A, He x và cộng sự. Iodine status and thyroid function of Boston-area vegetarians and vegans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E1303–7.
37. Zhang x, Shu xO, xiang YB và cộng sự. Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:240–46.
38. Barnett JB, Hamer DH, Meydani SN. Zinc: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly? Nutr Rev. 2010;68(1):30–37.
39. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL và cộng sự. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008:CD007176.
40. Kim YI. Does a high folate intake increase the risk of breast cancer? Nutr Rev. 2006;64(10 Pt 1):468–75. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang SC, Leitzmann MI và cộng sự. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(4):895–904. Sellers TA, Kushi LH, Cerhan JR và cộng sự. Dietary folate intake, alcohol, and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Epidemiology. 2001;12(4):420–28. Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW và cộng sự. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101(6):432–35. Fife J, Raniga S, Hider PN và cộng sự. Folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2011;13(2):132–37.
41. Oregon State University. Linus Pauling Institute. Micronutrient Information Center. Vitamin K. Available at http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminK/.
42. Cockayne S, Adamson J, Lanham-New S và cộng sự. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1256–61.
43. Beulens JW, Booth SL, van den Heuvel EG và cộng sự. The role of menaquinones (vitamin K2) in human health. Br J Nutr. 2013;110:1357–68. Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE và cộng sự. Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. J Nutr. 2004;134:3100–5. Beulens JW, Bots ML, Atsma F và cộng sự. High dietary menaquinone intake is associated with reduced coronary calcification. Atherosclerosis. 2009;203:489–93.
44. Gast GC, de Roos NM, Sluijs I và cộng sự. A high menaquinone intake reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19:504–10.
45. Rees K, Guraewal S, Wong YL và cộng sự. Is vitamin K consumption associated with cardio-metabolic disorders? A systematic review. Maturitas. 2010;67:121–28.
46. Weingartner O, Bohm M, Laufs U. Controversial role of plant sterol esters in the management of hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:404–9.
47. Berger A, Jones PJ, Abumweis SS. Plant sterols: factors affecting their efficacy and safety as functional food ingredients. Lipids Health Dis. 2004;3:5.
48. Woyengo TA, Ramprasath VR, Jones PJ. Anticancer effects of phytosterols. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63:813–20. Mendilaharsu M, De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H và cộng sự. Phytosterols and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Lung Cancer. 1998;21:37–45. Ronco A, De Stefani E, Boffetta P và cộng sự. Vegetables, fruits, and related nutrients and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Nutr Cancer. 1999;35:111–19. De Stefani E, Brennan P, Boffetta P và cộng sự. Vegetables, fruits, related dietary antioxidants, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a case-control study in Uruguay. Nutr Cancer. 2000;38:23–29. De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Ronco AL và cộng sự. Plant sterols and risk of stomach cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Nutr Cancer. 2000;37:140–44.
49. Klippel KF, Hiltl DM, Schipp B. A multicentric, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. German BPH-Phyto Study group. Br J Urol. 1997;80:427–32. Berges RR, Kassen A, Senge T. Treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia with beta-sitosterol: an 18-month follow-up. BJU Int. 2000;85:842–46.
50. Fuhrman J, Sarter B, Glaser D và cộng sự. Changing perceptions of hunger on a high nutrient density diet. Nutr J. 2010;9:51.